上海滨江森林公园景观空间格局分析

Analysis on the Landscape Spatial Pattern in Shanghai Waterside Forest Park

将上海滨江森林公园依据景观设计理念和调查结果划分为11个景区,将其270个斑块归纳为9种斑块类型,运用FRAGSTATS在斑块类型、景观2个级别上计算多个景观指数,来分析上海滨江森林公园的景观空间格局特征。结果表明,公园中斑块数量多且粒径差异大,多数斑块形状复杂;斑块分布密集,但同类型斑块分布较离散,景观丰度和景观多样性依景区不同而有所差异。常绿落叶阔叶混交林是公园景观基质,主要斑块类型为常绿阔叶林,建筑斑块和水域斑块具有重要的服务功能和生态功能,其他斑块类型丰富了公园的景观多样性。从公园整体看,公园由景观外貌和结构特征差异明显的11个景区镶嵌分布组合而成,整体景观异质性程度高,客观地模拟了自然景观。

According to design principles and results of investigation, the total landscape is divided to 11 landscape zones in the Shanghai Waterside Forest Park, the 270 patches in the park is categorized to 9 patch types, and the usage of landscape metrics at both the class level and the landscape level studies characteristics of the landscape spatial pattern. The results indicate： the patches in the park have high quantity and the grain of patches has big difference, and most patch＇s shape are complex; the patches distribute intensively, but the distance between patches in same type are interspersal, and landscape richness and diversity are different in every landscape zone. Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest is landscape matrix, and evergreen broad-leaved forest is key patch type in the park. Architecture patches and water patches have important service function and ecological function, while other patch types enrich the landscape diversity. The park is combined by 11 landscape zones that have special spatial pattern characteristics and landscape appearance, the whole landscape heterogeneity degree is high, and the park emulates objectively natural landscape.