黑龙江省兰西县农村居民高血压前期的患病率及其危险因素研究

Prevalence and risk factors of prehypertensive status in people from the rural area of Lanxi county, Heilongjiang province

目的探讨黑龙江省兰西县农村居民高血压前期的患病率及其危险因素。方法采用随机整群抽样方法，选择兰西县平山镇15岁以上并在当地居住5年以上的农村居民为研究对象，进行问卷调查并采集年龄≥35岁居民空腹静脉血标本。数据分析采用Х^2检验、t检验和logistic回归模型。结果共调查农村居民5272人，男性2539人、女性2733人。高血压前期患病率为36．34％，男性高血压前期患病率（39．50％）高于女性（33．41％）（Х^2=58．9887，P〈0．0001）。25岁及以上男性高血压前期患病率随着年龄的增加逐渐减低（Х^2=96．0698，P〈0．0001），而女性在35岁及以上呈现明显的高血压前期患病率随年龄增加而呈降低趋势（Х^2=11．5784，P=0．0208）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果提示：男性、年龄（≥55岁）、腰围（男≥85cm，女≥80cm）、BMI（≥25．0kg／m。）、空腹血糖（FPG≥7．0mmol／L）为高血压前期的危险因素，HDL—C（〈0．91mmol／L）是高血压前期的保护因素（OR=0．740，P=0．0036），且年龄、BMI及FPG对高血压前期的影响均具有计量反应关系。结论高血压前期的患病率在农村中较普遍，在青少年中较高；55岁及以后高血压前期人群转化为高血压的危险增加。

Objective To access the prevalence of prehypertensive stage and its associated risk factors in rural inhabitants from Lanxi county in Heilongjiang province. Methods Through cluster multistage and random sampling methods, local people aged ≥15 years old in Lanxi county were selected. A survey on blood pressure and associated risk factors was carried out. Overnight fasting blood specimen of people aged ≥35 years old was collected. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analyses were then performed. Results 5272 residents were surveyed including 2539 male and 2733 female subjects. The overall prevalence of prehypertension was 36.34%. The prevalence of prehypertension appeared to be higher in males （39.50 % ） than in females （33.41% ） （Х^2= 58. 9887, P 〈 0. 0001 ）. The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with increasing age in men ≥25 years old （Х^2 = 96. 0698, P 〈 0. 0001 ）, and in women ≥35 years old （Х^2= 11. 5784, P = 0. 0208）. Data from multivariable logistic regression showed that being male, aged （≥55 years old）, with waist circumference as ≥85 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women, BMI ≥25.0 kg/m^2 and fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L were risk factors of prehypertension while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 〈 0.9 mmol/L was shown as a protective factor （ OR = 0. 740, P = 0.0036）. Dose-response relationships were seen between prehypertension and age, BMI and FPG. Conclusion Prehypertension was popular in the rural area, with high prevalence seen in teenagers. Programs on prehypertension prevention should start from teenagers. Risk factors of prehypertension increased when people became age 55 or older. There was a need to monitor BP more often and to control BP through non-drug methods.