从容闳和珠海简议近代中国留学文化特色

Culture of Studying Abroad from Rong Hong and Zhuhai

近代中国留学教育肇始于容闳所倡导的留美幼童的派遣,其后派遣学生留欧,至清末又出现留学日本潮。容闳的故乡今珠海地区是中国留学教育的主要发祥地,它对中国留学教育文化的发展贡献殊多。近代中国是一个不断遭到列强侵略的国家,近代中国文化的发展与整合在面向世界、学习西方的同时,一直怀有中华民族复兴的历史诉求。近代中国留学教育和留学文化作为近代中国文化发展的重要内涵和突出表征,始终显现出开放性和民族性兼具的特色。而容闳和被称为"容闳的‘美国人’的"留美幼童们,他们回国后输入"西洋之学术","介绍西方科技到中国",为"中国追求现代化"和"复兴中国"作出了重要贡献。这实际是中国留学教育和留学文化所具特色的人格化的表现。

Modem China＇s overseas education was started by the first group of children studying in America proposed by Rang Hang. As the main birthplace of China＇s overseas education, Rang Hong＇s hometown Zhuhai made great contributions to the devel- opment of China＇s culture of studying abroad. Because modern China was invaded by foreign powers frequently, there always were the historical demands of Chinese nation＇s revival in the development and integration of modern China＇s culture while facing the world and learning from the West. As the important content and outstanding indication, modem china＇s education and culture of studying abroad had both characteristics of opening and nationality. Rong Hong and the children studying in America contributed to bringing westem knowledge, introducing sciences and technologies, pursuing modernization and national revival after they re- turn to China. It did appear the personalization of above - mentioned characteristics.