弱智儿童语义范畴的特异性损伤

Category-Specific Semantic Deficits in Mentally Retarded Children

通过图片命名任务,以实龄相同的智力正常儿童为参照,考察弱智儿童语义损伤的模式和语义发展的特点。结果表明,和正常儿童比,弱智儿童无论是生物范畴还是非生物范畴均表现出语义知识损伤,即出现双重损伤,但损伤程度轻于脑损伤患者。同非生物范畴比,弱智儿童的生物范畴损伤更为严重。弱智儿童生物和非生物的语义随着年龄增长而发展,其中非生物的语义在高年级达到较高水平。

Picture naming task is employed to investigate the pattern of semantic deficits in mentally retarded children and to explore their semantic developmental trend. Non - retarded children at the same age as the retarded ones are selected as the control group. Results indicate that compared with non- retarded children, retarded children show semantic deficits both in living things and non- living things. But the two categories in retarded children are impaired less severely than those in brain - damaged sufferers, and the semantic deficits in living things are more severe than those in non - living things. The semantic level of retarded children develops gradually with the increase of age, and higher elementary students have the highest level to recognize non - living things with ceiling effect.