福泽谕吉思想的日本主义特征

The Characteristics of Fukuzawa Yukichi’s Japanism

对日本近代启蒙思想家福泽谕吉，学界一直有文明启蒙和侵略启蒙两种评价。这一状况需要从对福泽思想全盘分析加以统合。在福泽思想的深处，由于接受西方国家条约体系，所以形成了其作为后进国启蒙主义特征的思想体系。为了完成国家“独立”，即日本国家的最高利益，在主张全盘接受西洋文明的同时，蔑视亚洲文化传统并强调模仿西欧的亚洲政策，是其自然的归宿。

Contemporary scholarly comments about modern Japanese thinker Fukuzawa Yukichi’s thought of enlightenment involve civilized two different opinions,namely,civilized enlightenment and aggressive enlightenment.This phenomenon needs to be explained through a unified perspective of the Fukuzawa thesis.Since the Western nation state treaty system had found its roots in the depth of Fukuzawa’s mentality,Fukuzawa’s thinking about enlightenment was penetrated by a strong sense of a less advanced nation’s catching up expectation.Therefore,to achieve the independence and the largest benefit of the Japanese nation state,Fukuzawa conveniently promoted the ideas of invading other Asian countries and pleasing the Western powers.