后现代思潮影响下的当代西方心理学的三种新取向

Three New Orientations in Western Modern Psychology under Postmodernism Influence

现代心理学经过了多年的发展已经取得丰硕的研究成果并应用于实践,但其强调客观、价值中立等实证主义的倾向,也给心理学带来了诸多问题。后现代思潮的兴起加速了现代心理学朝后现代心理学的转向,其中社会建构论、超个人心理学、女性主义心理学从不同角度对传统的现代心理学进行反思和批判,并提出了各自的主张:社会建构论认为心理现象是人际互动的结果,是社会关系的产物;超个人心理学强调对象中心论,重视对人生意义的研究;女性主义心理学以女性主义立场和态度重新解读和审视主流心理学的科学观与方法论,批判男性主义的价值标准。三种新的心理学思潮之间有差异也有共性,从研究对象、研究方法和研究原则等方面对当代心理学的发展产生重要的启示。

After many years development, modern psychology has made plenty of research achievements. However, it＇s positivism orientation, emphasis on objectivity and value - free theory have resulted in many problems to the psychological research. The rising of the postmodernism aeecelerates the shift from modern psychology to postmodern psychology. Social constructionism, Transpersonal psychology, Feminist psychology, among others, criticized and reconsidered the traditional modern psychology from their own perspectives, and put forward their own theories. Social constructionism believes that psychology is a product of social relationship and interpersonal interaction. Transpersonal psychology provides an object-centred model,and pays much attention to research about the meaning of human＇s life. From the perspective of feminist stand and attitude, feminist psychology reinterprets and examines closely the outlook on science and methodology by the mainstream psychology. It criticizes the man-chauvinist values imbedded in the mainstream psychology.