东汉豪族与乡里社会探析

On the Influential Kindred Clans in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Local Communities

乡里是东汉豪族作为社会势力的根基所在,豪族通过长期对乡里宗族公共事务的主持和承担,在乡里形成了权威,进而取得了对乡里社会的支配权、实现了对乡众的超经济强制和地方官场的控制。豪族宗族组织在乡里发展势力的主要途径是在经济上靠大土地所有制的兼并,在政治上则是企图操纵地方官场。由此出现了豪族向官僚化和士族化演变的趋势,处于不同地位的豪族为此展开了激烈的竞争,最终导致了东汉乡里社会的分裂。

The local communities are the root of the influential kindred clans in the Eastern Han dynasty as a social force. The influential kindred clans formed their authority through long-term holding and hosting of the clans＇ public affairs and further acquired their dominance over the local communities, achieving their super economic compulsion and the control of the officialdom. The approach to the development of force for the influential kindred clans lies mainly in the annexation of the large-scale ownership of land in terms of economy and the attempt to manipulate the officialdom in terms of politics. Hence, there appeared the trend of the influential kindred clans＇ evolving into bureaucracy and oligarchic clans, which eventually led to the disruption of the kindred clans＇ community in the Eastern Han dynasty.