论汉魏时期灾瑞谶纬之“有助文章”

Conduciveness of Divination Studies on Fortune and Misfortune to Literary Growth in the Period of Han and Wei

灾瑞谶纬的兴起与流衍,乃是汉人"究天人之际,通古今之变"的结果。它们被广泛用作政论的依据。汉魏史传作品叙述灾瑞,借鉴了先秦以来将灾瑞融入国家兴亡大背景之下的预兆模式,从而形成了奇诡神伟的风格。灾瑞也作为题材,直接成为作品全篇着力描叙的中心对象。谶纬书中对圣王圣人形象的神话描述,亦有其特殊的价值,特别是《春秋演孔图》对孔子的刻画尤为集中而独特。

The revival and predominance of divination studies were the result of the peoPle in the Han dynasties ＂exploring the ultimate of humans and nature as well as thoroughly understanding the changes from ancient times to the present-day＂, which found wide application in political arguments. Historical and biographical works in the period of Han and Wei formed a grotesque and magnanimous style by referring to the omen mode of putting fortunes and misfortunes into the macro background of national prosperity and adversity. Fortunes and misfortunes have also been used as themes to have become the core object for the vehemnent description of the whole work. The mythological description of saints and emperors in divination studies had their special value, especially the concentrated and unique depiction of Confucius in Portrait of Confucius in the Spring-and-A utumn Period.