矛盾的统一体——美国的两大犯罪统计项目之比较

Unity of Contradiction—the Comparison of Two Main Crimes Statistical Projects in America

由美国司法部管理的全国两大犯罪统计项目——"统一犯罪报告"项目、"全国犯罪被害调查"项目已经成为政策决策部门、管理部门、犯罪学研究者乃至普通民众了解美国犯罪水平和趋势的最重要数据来源。两大项目分别从执法部门和犯罪被害人的角度收集美国犯罪问题的实证数据资料,提供了许多富有实践价值和学术价值的成果。但是两者在项目目标、统计方法、对犯罪问题的覆盖程度等诸多方面有所差异,因而产生了似乎矛盾的结果。把"统一犯罪报告"项目、"全国犯罪被害调查"项目进行比较研究,研究结果表明这两个项目既有广泛联系、又存在重大区别,是一个矛盾的统一体。

The two main crimes statistical projects managed by American Justice Ministry, namely ＂uniform crime report＂ project and ＂national victimization survey＂ project, has become the most important data source of American crime level and tendency which policy-deciding department, managing department, criminologist and even common people could know. This two main project collect data under the view of law enforcement agency and victims and support many worthwhile fruits with practical and academic value, However. this two project has some differences on project target, covering degree of crime problems and other aspects so that some contradictions seem appear. Comparing this two project, the research shows this two project is an unity of contradiction which has great differences as well as widely connections.