近自然林业理论在景观林营建中的应用

Application of theory of "similar nature forest" in building landscape forests

以恢复和重建地带性常绿阔叶林为主的森林景观为目的,应用近自然林业理论,遵循森林原生植被自然分布和天然演替规律,依据人工促进措施的差异,采取具有"野性,粗放,低耗,高效"经营特点的"近自然封育,近自然补植,近自然改造,近自然营造"等4种营建技术方法,于2005-2007年在05省道、杭千高速公路淳安段两侧森林生态退化区域进行了景观林营建试验,面积为1 721.2 hm2。结果表明:与传统经营方法相比较,节省用工135～165个.hm-2,节省苗木900～1 200株.hm-2,营建成本降低53.2%～67.7%,林地土壤侵蚀减少83.6%,乔木层物种丰富度指数和物种均匀度指数是未改造杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林的4.79和1.60倍。

We apply the theory of ＂similar nature forests＂ on the basis of the forest landscapes which should be recovered and rebuilt broad-leaved evergreen forests. We also follow the rules of the origin vegetation of natural distribution and native development, and promote the differences of measures using manpower, and adopt four technical ways to establish similar nature forests, which are ＂similar natural isolating the hills for afforestations, similar natural patch planting, similar natural reform and similar natural construction＂ . These differences are characterized by ＂wildness, coarseness, low cost and high efficiency＂ . We have made an experiment in the landscape forests in the degenerate districts of the forest ecology which are along the both sides of the No. 5 provincial road and the expressway between Hangzhou and Qiandaohu Lake during the year of 2005 and 2007. The total experiment area is 1 721.2 hm^2. The results indicated that compared with the traditional operation methods, the experiment had saved the labor force by 135 - 165 hm^2, nursery-grown plants of 900 - 1 200 hm^2 and reduced the cost by 53.2% - 67.7% in these forest landscapes. The earth erosion in these forests was decreased by 83.6%. The plentiful and average index number of the arbor trees was 4.79 times and 1.6 times of undeveloped Cunninghamia lanceolata. It has achieved great ecological, social and economic benefits. [Ch, 1 tab. 10 ref.]