黄色马蹄莲多倍体诱导研究

Polyploidy induction in Zantedeschia elliottiana

为探明秋水仙素诱导彩色马蹄莲多倍体的最佳处理方法,以黄色马蹄莲奇妙Zantedeschia elliottiana‘Black Magic’球茎为材料,在离体条件下诱导愈合组织并产生芽点,放入0.2,0.5及1.0 g·L-1秋水仙素溶液中分别浸泡24,48和72 h,诱导黄色马蹄莲多倍体。结果显示:秋水仙素能成功诱导黄色马蹄莲多倍体,其最佳处理是使用0.5g·L-1秋水仙素浸泡芽点48 h,四倍体诱导率13.3%。四倍体植株体细胞染色体数目为2n=4x=64。获得的四倍体植株与二倍体比较,外部形态特征、气孔特性等方面有显著性差异,具有植株强健,叶片变大增厚,保卫细胞增大,叶绿体数目增多,气孔密度减少等特点。

To determine colchicine＇s best concentration and treating time for inducing polyploidy in colorful calla lily, test materials with yellow cultivar of bulbs from Zantedeschia elliottiana ＇Black Magic＇ , were induced in vitro to form small buds from callus. Then, the small buds were soaked in the chemical reagent colchicine of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 g ·L^-1 for 24, 48 or 72 hours with 30 replications to induce polyploidy. Then, count the number of chromosome, and compare morphologic difference between the polyploidy and the diploid. Results showed that soaking small buds in 0.5 g·L^-1 of colchicine for 48 hours could successfully induce tetraploid with an induction rate of 13.3%. The tetraploid were stronger and had thicker and larger leaves, larger guard cells, more chloroplasts, and less stoma density than the diploid. The tetraploid would mend the pace of new breed varieties. [Ch, 3 fig. 3 tab. 18 ref.]