近代大陆法系私法理念及影响

Continental Law System: the Concept of Private Law and its Influences

中世纪后期,随着商品经济的发展和市民阶级的壮大,启蒙运动兴起。以自然法为基础的启蒙思想家要求保护资产阶级私人财产权,通过私法自治实现市场运作、资本主义经济发展。在建立政权后,资产阶级更是以私法自治为立法思想,确立了自由平等、契约自由、所有权保障等民事法律原则。以法国、德国民法典为代表的大陆法系民法典,在法规内容、立法思想、编撰体例等方面对各国产生了巨大影响。近代中国民事立法、民法现代化进程处处可见大陆法系的影响。私法理念对于当今我国民法典的制定及民事立法,从立法源流上,仍有许多可借鉴之处。

In the late Middle Ages, with the development of commercial economy and the prosperity of the citizen class, the enlightenment movement began to take shape. Enlightenment thinkers foeused on natural laws and advocated to protect private property of the bourgeois, so as to promote the development of capitalist economy. After the bourgeois took the political power, they conducted legislation on the basis of autonomy of private law, and made principles for series of civil laws. The continental civil codes represented by French and German civil laws have exerted far and wide influences on the other countries, which can be found widely in the legislation of China.