宋元明清韵书编纂中“助纽”的传承与演变

The Spread and Development of the Zhuniu in the Compiling Rhyme Dictionary in the Songyuan and Mingqing Period

助纽是中国韵书发展史中一个特殊现象,是韵书编纂过程用于辅助拼读反切切语的一组双声字和一种方法,始于《玉篇》卷首的《切字要法》。它与音韵学"纽"的语义既有相同之处,又有所区别;其主要发展时期是宋元时期,但历代韵书在编纂中并没普遍采用助纽字的方法,其作用也发生了变化。明清时期的韵书,助纽字的功能尤显混乱。这些现象是我们在研究声母演变情况中应当注意的。

Zhuniu 助纽 which started from the qieziyaofa 《切字要法》 of the yupian＇s 《玉篇》 book head was a peculiar phenomenon in the phylogeny of the Chinese rhyme dictionary. It was a group of alliteration character and one kind of method that could be used to assist to spell and read the fanqie in the compiling process of a rhyme dictionary. It beared a resemblance to the semanteme of niu 纽 of the phonology and difference to aome extent. It developed rapidly in the Song Yuan period, but the methods of zhuniu were not adopted in the past compiling rhyme dictionary and the effect changed. The effect of zhuniu displayed chaos especially in the rhyme dictionary of the Ming and Qing period. We ought to pay attention to these phenomena in the study process of the development of the initials.