从制宪进程看阿富汗现行政治体制的特点

The Character of Afghanistan Political System in Terms of Constitutional Process

在阿富汗2004年宪法制定过程中,围绕君主制与共和制、总统制与议会制、单一制与复合制等敏感而重要的问题,阿富汗国内展开了激烈的争议和较量。结果,当前统治阶层的政治主张在宪法中得到基本体现。同时,宪法也在一定程度上反映出时代要求和民意。阿富汗现行政体因此呈现强行政与弱议会(弱司法)、强中央与弱地方、政教分离等特色,反映出加强中央集权而不是增强地方分权的发展趋势。

There happened heated disputes and conflicts on how to work out a new constitution in 2004 among political parties in Afghanistan,focused on monarchy or republic,presidential system or parliamentarism,single system or complex system.At last,political points of the present ruling class embodied in the new institution.In the mean time,the institution reflected demands of the new age and the will of the people.The present constitutional system of Afghanistan has such characters like strong administration and weak parliament,strong central government and weak regional government and separation of religion from politics.The future trend of Afghanistan politics is to enhance centralization of authority rather than to enhance regional powers.