柱装药双炮孔岩石爆破模型试验

Rock blasting model experiment for double boreholes with cylindrical charges

为了合理有效地利用爆炸能量,提高巷道、隧道工程的爆破掘进质量,以砂岩巷道(隧道)掘进中辅助孔、周边孔的岩石爆破为应用背景,通过柱装药双炮孔岩石爆破的模型实验,对装药结构、介质强度、炮孔间距、抵抗等因素对岩石爆破作用效果以及炸药单耗的影响进行了初步研究.试验结果表明,介质强度、不耦合系数、抵抗和炮孔间距与炸药单耗有着密切的关系,并相互作用、相互影响.空气介质对爆炸能量具有很好的缓冲和消耗作用,而水介质对爆炸能量的消耗作用随着介质强度的增大而减小.对于周边爆破,采用空气不耦合装药结构有利于减轻爆破对围岩的破坏作用;当介质强度大于35 MPa时,采用水不耦合装药结构有利于提高爆炸能量的传递效率,降低炸药单耗.依据介质强度,合理选择不耦合系数、抵抗和炮孔间距,可在较小炸药单耗的情况下取得良好的爆破效果.

In order to make effective use of explosive energy, improve blasting quality in roadway and tunnel driving, taking rock blasting of caving holes and perimeter holes in sandstone - roadway （tunnel） driving as application background, the influence of parameters such as charge structure, rock intensity, spacing, burden on effect of rock blasting and powder factor had been made by rock blasting model experiment for double holes with cylindrical charges are studied preliminarily. The experiments indicate that rock intensity, decoupling factor, burden and spacing has close relations with powder factor and influence each other. Air has a good function to cushion and consume explosive energy, but along with the rock intensity increases, the consuming function of water to explosive energy reduces. For contour control blasting, adopt gas - decoupling charge structure is beneficial to easing explosion action on wall rock. Adopt water - decoupling charge structure is favorable to raising explosive energy transfer efficiency and reducing powder factor when rock intensity is bigger than 35 MPa. According to rock intensity, selection decoupling factor, burden and spacing, a good blasting quality could be made in condition of small powder factor.