全国16个主产烟省(区)烟草侵染性病害调研报告

A report of investigating and studying tobacco infectious diseases of 16 main tobacco producing provinces(regions)in China

经过全国１６个主产烟省（区）烟草侵染性病害调查研究协作组３年的调查、研究和鉴定，共查清烟草侵染性病害６８种，已鉴定的６２种，尚待鉴定的６种。在６２种病害中国内首次报道的１１种，５种是世界上首次报道，它们是烟草茎点病、烟草细菌性叶斑病、烟草细菌性黑茎病、烟草细菌性黑腐病及日本菟丝子，都是偶然发生的病害。６２种病害中主要烟草病害有１５种，其分布范围为１１～１６个省（区），其为害严重省（区）为１～１４个省（区），为害中等省（区）为２～９个省（区）。６２种病害依病原物划分，其中真菌性病害３０种，细菌性病害８种，病毒病害１７种，类菌原体病害２种，线虫病害３种及寄生性种子植物２种。就烟草花叶病（主要包括烟草普通花叶病毒病和黄瓜花叶病毒病）、赤星病、黑胫病、青枯病和根结线虫病５种烟草主要病害，１９８９～１９９１年３年所造成的经济损失，进行了损失估计研究，据不完全统计烟叶产量损失４．８亿多ｋｇ，产值损失１５亿多元。烟草病害为害程度，仅此可见一斑。从烟草病害发展史着眼，烟草病害一直威胁着烟草的产质，所以为保护烟草生产与病害长期斗争的任务是艰巨的。

hrough three years of investigations and studies by the Collaborative Group of 16 main provinces(regions)of tobacco production in China,62 infectious diseases of tobacco have been investigated and identifided.Of them,11 diseases were first found in China,and 5 diseases were first reported in the world.They are tobacco stem speck(Phoma nicotianae Yu et Hua),tobacco bacterial leaf spot[Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria(Doidge)Dye],tobacco bacterial black stem[Erwinia carotovola subsp,atrosepeitica(Van Hall)Dye],tobacco bacterial black rot[Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris(Pammel)Dowson],and Japanese dodder (Cuscuta japonica Chors),and all of them occurred occasionally.Of the 62 diseases there are 15 serious ones,generally distributing in 14～16 provinces(regions)and causing serious losses in 1～14 provinces(regions).They are minor diseases or do not cause serious losses in 2～9 provinces(regions).According to categories of pathogens,the 62 diseases may be divided into:30 caused by fungi,8 by bacteria,17 by viruses,2 by mycoplasma,3 by nematodes,and 2 by seed plants.By the imcomplete statistics in 1989～1991,the 5 diseases,tobacco mosaic(including TMV,CMV and even PVY),brown spot,blank shank,bacterial Granville wilt and nematode root knot,caused leaf loss to 048 billion kg and the output value loss to 15 billion yuan(RMB).These figures show the seriousness of the tobacco diseases.From the viewpoint of the development history of phytopathology,tobacco diseases are a present practical and long-term potential threat to the yield and quality of tobacco.Therefore,it is a hard task to protect the tobacco production and to struggle against tobacco diseases.