北京郊区地表水中有机氯农药残留水平及特征

Residues and characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in surface water in the suburb of Beijing.

有机氯农药滴滴涕(DDT)、六六六(HCH)等化学性质非常稳定,很难生物降解,对环境及人类健康构成了严重威胁。尽管我国从1983年起已禁止使用,但现在的土壤、水等环境样品中仍有不同程度的检出。水资源是自然环境的主要组成要素,又是农业生产的重要自然资源。以往已有学者对北京部分河流地表水中有机氯农药残留进行过研究,发现存在不同程度水体污染。近年来,经过各方大力控制水体污染和环境治理,北京地区地表水中仍有有机氯农药残留,其残留现状是人们十分关心的重要问题。因此本文选择北京郊区为研究区域,采集了温榆河、北运河、延庆、房山、昌平、顺义等地区地表水,分析了水体中DDTs和HCHs污染物的含量以及分布情况,结果表明DDTs、HCHs在北京郊区地表水中均有不同程度的检出,DDTs含量为ND^13.98ng/L,HCHs含量为3.87~146.42ng/L。本文同时研究了DDT与其代谢产物DDE、DDD的组成比例以及HCH同分异构体的组成特征,对北京郊区地表水中DDTs和HCHs的污染来源进行了简要分析。

The organoehlorine pesticides （OCPs）, such as DDT and HCH, have stable chemical properties and less biodegradability. As a kind of persistent organic pollutants, they have high risk to the environment and human health. Although DDT and HCH have been prohibited in China since 1983, they are still found in some soil and water nowadays. Water resource is very important in natural environment and essential for agriculture. Some past investigations showed that OCPs in some surface water in Beijing have been detected with different levels. In recent years, many measures have been taken to control the pollution and to monitor the environment, and more attention has been paid to the status of the surface water today. In this study, the water samples were collected in Wenyu river, Beiyun river, Yanqing, Fangshan, Changping, and Shunyi rivers in the suburb of Beijing and the residues and characteristics of DDT and HCH were studied. The results showed that the contents of DDTs and HCHs were ND-13.98 ng/L and 3.87-146.42 ng/L, respectively. According to the indicators of the ratio values of （DDD＋DDE）/DDT and α-HCH/γ-HCH, the source of pollution and its potential risk are also discussed in this article.