含酰胺基双子阳离子表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

Synthesis and properties of cationic gemini surfactants with amide group

以N,N-二甲基丙二胺分别与十二酸、十四酸、十六酸和十八酸反应得到酰胺基叔胺,再制成其盐酸盐,盐酸盐与环氧氯丙烷在水溶剂中合成了相应的含酰胺基双子(gemini)阳离子表面活性剂,采用红外光谱、质谱、元素分析、核磁共振波谱进行了结构表征,并测定了阳离子表面活性剂表面化学性能。结果表明,真空干燥后含酰胺基gemini阳离子表面活性剂的质量分数大于98%,该含酰胺基gemini阳离子表面活性剂具有很强的表面吸附和胶束生成能力,随着脂肪碳链长度由12增加到18,cmc由9.12×10-5mol·L-1减少至3.31×10-5mol·L-1,ccmc/c20由3.02增加到3.98,Krafft点也有升高的趋势。

Lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid reacted with N, N - dimethylpropyldiamine respectively and formed four kinds of 2 - （alkylamino） - propyldimethylamine correspondingly. The latter was neutralized by HCl and formed the corresponding hydrochloride salts. The hydroehloride salts dissolved in water and further reacted with epiehlorohydrin and four cationic gemini surfactant products were prepared. The products were characterized by IR spectrum, elemental analysis, MS and 1HNMR spectrum. Surface chemical properties of the products were measured. Results showed that after vacuum drying, the active content in the products achieves higher than 98%. The products have high capacity of surface adsorption and micellization. Following the increasing of chain length from laurie to stearic, the cmc declines from 9. 12 × 10^-5 mol · L^-1 to 3, 31 × 10 ^-5 mol · L^-1 and the Ccmc/C20 increases from 3.02 to 3.98. Trend of increasing of Krafft point was observed too.