德国体育史学研究评述

Evaluation on German's Sports History Science Researching

采用文献资料调研、比较分析法,以时间为线索,探索近几个世纪的德国体育史学研究,指出18世纪的代表人物首推吉勒施和菲特,前者的主要贡献是初创了东方学,而后者对体育史学的贡献是指明了体育史研究的重要性,开创了体育史时代区分法和提出了关于体育起源的一种学说——战争说。19世纪的德国体育史学研究在内容或者是体裁上都有不少问题,可喜的是,在研究方法和研究领域等方面有了新突破,如开创了体育史研究中的实证方法和图书学方法,开拓了体育术语学、比较游戏说以及奥林匹克学等。20世纪初期,德国的体育史学研究又取得重大突破,主要表现为对竞技体育、德国体育、东方体育、中世纪体育及文艺复兴时期体育的重新定位与评价方面。进入21世纪后,在德国从事体育史学研究的各界学者很多,其研究领域也不断拓展。客观地评价了德国在世界体育史学科发展中所起到的重要作用。

Through using the method of literature review, comparative analysis and taking the time as clue, this paper explores the German＇s sports history science in recent several centuries, points out that the representative person was Giles and Gerhard Ulrich Anton Vieth in the eighteen century. The former is the main contributor of orientalism establishment, and the latter points out the importance of sport history science researching. It creates the times difference of sport history and put forwards one of theory eoneemed the origin of sportswar theory. In nineteenth century, there were many problems on contents and types of German＇ s sport history science researching. However, in research methods and fields, there is new breakthrough such as substantial evidences and library science, sports terminology, comparative game theory and Olympics. In the beginning of twenty century, the another big achievements have been made for German＇ s sports history researching, the competitive sports, Germany sports, Oriental sports, middle age sports and sports in the period of culture revolution have been relocated and reviewed. Entering the twenty one century, there are researches in various fields pursuing sport history science researching, and their research field is enlarged continuously. It evaluates objectively the important roles of the development of German ＇s sports history science in the world.