从幼儿到成年的流域水文模型及典型模型比较

Development and comparison of catchment hydrological models:From infancy to maturity

本文将流域水文模型的发展过程分为幼儿期、少年期、成长期和成年期,并对各时期水文模型的特点、功能等进行了系统讨论。为便于突出不同发展阶段模型的特点、模块组成和计算方法,按集总式、半分布式、全分布式和模型集成系统将模型分类,对不同类型的典型模型进行了比较,其中集总式水文模型包括斯坦福(Standford)、流域水文模型IV(SWM-IV)、萨克拉门托(Sacramento)模型、水箱(Tank)模型、新安江模型、HEC-1模型、SWMM模型,半分布式模型包括HSPF模型、PRMS模型、HEC-HMS模型、TOPMODEL模型、SWAT模型,全分布式和模型集成系统包括M IKESHE、SHETRAN、IHDM、TOPKAPI、BASINS、HMS、WMS、SMS、MMS模型。鉴于水文模型在国际、国内正在成为流域水资源管理的重要工具,对模型发展及分类对比的分析,将有助于水文模型的进一步广泛应用。

By dividing the developmental course of catchment hydrological models into four stages： infancy,juvenility,adolescence,and maturity,the characteristics,capabilities,module functions of models at each stage are systematically compared.At each stage,models can be classified as lumped,semi-distributed,full-distributed model and integrated model system.Models belong to different classification types are compared.Those discussed models are Standford,SWM-IV,Sacramento,Tank,HEC-1,SWMM and Xinanjiang in lumped models,HSPF,PRMS,HEC-HMS,TOPMODEL and SWAT in semi-distributed models,and MIKESHE,SHETRAN,IHDM,TOPKAPI,BASINS,HMS,WMS,SMS and MMS in distributed model and integrated hydrological model.Since hydrological models are becoming an important tool in regional water resources management both in international and domestic level,the analysis is believed to give helps to new users of catchment models.