杭州市下城区公共场所中央空调冷却水冷凝水军团菌污染调查分析

Investigation and analysis of Legionella pollution in cooling tower water and condensed water of centralized air conditioning system in Hangzhou Xiacheng′s public places

目的：初步了解杭州市下城区公共场所大型中央空调冷却塔水、冷凝水中军团菌的污染情况及主要血清型别,为制定控制措施提供依据。方法：于2007年6月～7月,采集下城区辖区内15家宾馆中央空调冷却塔水和冷凝水各15件,参照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》卫生部（2006）方法对水样进行分离检测,同时对水样直接进行军团菌属特异性5SrRNA基因（104 bp）和嗜肺军团菌种特异性m ip基因（440 bp）检测。结果：30件水样中分离培养检出军团菌的有12件,污染率达到40.00%（12/30）,共分离出军团菌19株,其中嗜肺军团菌15株占78.95%、3株博杰曼军团菌（Boze-man）占15.79%及1株血清型待定株,水样直接经PCR检测,检出军团菌的水样有16件,污染率达到53.5%（16/30）。结论：杭州市下城区公共场所大型中央空调冷却水和冷凝水中军团菌污染严重,血清型别多样,对人民健康构成潜在威胁。

Objective：To learn the pollution status and main serum types of Legionella in cooling tower water and condensed water of centralized air conditioning system in public places of Xiacheng,Hangzhou.And provide evidence for establishing measures to control Legionella.Methods：A total of 15 cooling tower water samples and 15 condensed water samples of centralized air conditioning system were collected from 15 hotels of Xiacheng Downtown,Hangzhou,from June to July 2007.According to the ＂Sanitation Criteria for Central Conditioners of public buildings＂（Ministry of Public Health,2006）,samples were cultivated and isolated.Characteristic mip gene（440bp） of Legionella Pneumophilia and 5srRNA gene of Legionella in 30 water samples were detected with polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.Results：In 30 water samples,Legionella positive was detected in 12 samples,and pollution rate was 40%（12/30）.Totally 19 Legionella samples were separated,among them 15 samples were Legionella Pneumophilia,its proportion was 78.95%;3 samples were Legionella Bozeman,its proportion was 15.79%;and the serum type of remaining 1 sample was undetermined.With PCR detection,Legionella was detected in 16 water samples,pollution rate was 53.5%（16/30）.Conclusion：The pollution status of Legionella in cooling tower water and condensed water of centralized air conditioning system in public places of Xiacheng,Hangzhou was fearful and Legionella had many serum types.The pollution of Legionella threatens public health.