历史修辞的形式主义方法——米歇尔·福柯对海登·怀特历史诗学的影响

On the Formalist Methodology of Historical Rhetoric

米歇尔·福柯对海登·怀特的历史诗学产生了重要影响,他的后结构主义"考古"式历史研究启示怀特采用形式主义方法将历史归结为一种历史修辞,具体体现为:福柯关注历史中的断裂,这启发了怀特将历史视为充满了预构的诗意;怀特从深层借鉴福柯的话语分析对历史进行理性阐释;福柯的四种认识型明显影响了怀特提出的历史编撰学的四种喻体模式。二者从不同侧面论证了虚构在历史建构中的作用,共同摧毁了历史客观性的神话。

Michel Foucault had an important influence on Hayden White’s historic poetry. His historic study in a post-constructional archeology style enlightened White to adopt a formalist methodology and attributed it to a historical rhetoric. It appears in the following aspects. Foucault noticed the historical gap, which enlightened White to take the history as a poetry sense with some pre-structure. White also learned deeply Foucault's analysis of discourses to do rational explanation of history. Foucault's four patterns of recognition apparently influence White's putting forward the four metaphoric object patterns of historiography. Both of them proved, from different aspects, the function of fabrication in history construction and together destroyed the myth of historical objectivity.