法藏敦煌P．3861号文献的梵汉对音研究

A Study on the Sanskrit-Chinese Phonetic Transcriptions of the Dunhuang(敦煌) Fragment P.3861 in French Collection

法藏敦煌P-3861号文献中的梵汉对音资料所呈现的语音规律与《千字文》、《开蒙要训》等敦煌遗存资料大体一致,反映了八、九世纪吐蕃占领敦煌时期河西方音的特点,如清浊界限不甚分明,鼻音声母m、n、η有向mb、nd、ηg演化的迹象,舌上、齿头、正齿三组字混用,宕、梗、通摄-η尾消变,宕摄元音高化,-m、-n尾也有消变的痕迹,等等。与12世纪的西夏梵汉对音资料相比照,可以知道西夏与敦煌河西方音有明显的承续关系。

The phonological rules of the Sanskrit-Chinese phonetic transcriptions of the Dunhuang（敦煌） fragment P.3861 in French collection reflect the Chinese Hexi（河西） dialect during the times when Dunhuang（敦煌） was captured by Tibetans in 8th and 9th century. The characteristics of that dialect, i. e., the distinction between the voiced and voiceless consonants being not so clear, some traces of the m 〉mb, n 〉nd, η 〉qg evolution being noticeable, the nasal ending -η of the groups Dang（宕）, Geng （梗） and Tong （通） being dropped, the vowel of the Group Dang（宕） being shifted, nasal endings -m, -n being disappeared, proves to be the same as the other fragments excavated at Dunhuang（敦煌） such as Qianziwen（千字文 ） and Kai Meng Yao Xun（开蒙要训 ）. Contrasted to the phonetic rules of Sanskrit-Chinese phonetic transcription of XiXia dynasty in 12th, we can realize that Chinese dialect of XiXia was adapting to that of Dunhuang（敦煌）.