河流水资源结构分解及其应用研究

Division of river water resources structure and research on water utilization

从维护河流生态平衡、保证防洪安全和充分利用水资源的角度出发,提出了河流水资源结构分解的思想,将河流水资源划分为生态水量、安全水量、风险水量和灾害水量四部分.根据各类水量的功能和特点,结合嫩江实际,确定了其各自不同的计算方法.对嫩江下游江桥断面的水资源结构进行分析计算,结果表明,不同特征年的生态水量、安全水量、风险水量和灾害水量有较大差别.为了进一步研究上下游断面间的河流水资源结构变化,比较了江桥和其下游大赉断面的河流水资源结构.研究发现,就多年平均而言,上下游断面河流水资源结构相似;而在不同特征年,其河流水资源结构有所差别,特别在特丰和特枯年份,上下游断面间河流水资源结构差异明显.根据河流水资源结构的这类特点,在以后的河流水资源管理中,可以采取适当措施调整河流水资源结构,实现较大的河流水资源综合利用效益.

From the viewpoint of the river ecosystem balance, river water utilization and flood protection, the theory of the river water resources structure was introduced. According to this theory the river water resources can be divided into four parts, namely, environment water portiofi, safety water portion, risk water portion and disaster water portion. Based on the characteristic and function of each water portion as well as the practical situation of the Nenjiang River, the calculation methods can be determined. Jiangqiao is the important hydrologic： station in the downstream of the Nenjiang River, taking it as the example, selecting the different characteristics years, the river water resources structure of which was analyzed. The results indicate that the difference of the river water resources structure between different characteristics years is very apparent. In order to further study the change between the different river sections, taking the downstream Dalai hydrological station as the comparative example, the results indicate that at the secular variation the river water structure between the two apparent, especi sta ally tions is similar, but in the characteristics in the major flow years or low flow years. river water resources structures, some proper measures can be water resources utilization. years, the difference of which maybe is According to the characteri taken to gain more benefits stics of the of the river