现代汉语惯用语的词汇化等级分析

An Analysis of the Grade in the Lexicalization of the Three-Syllable Idioms in Mandarin Chinese

惯用语是现代汉语中从短语过渡到词的一个典型的类聚,具有明显的词汇化倾向,其内部成员词汇化程度存在不同的差异。本文从结构和语义入手,考察了三音节惯用语内部成分的凝固度、离合性和语义畸变值的强弱,在此基础上,根据原型理论,按照Packard的词汇化等级理论将惯用语静态地划分为五级:常规词汇化惯用语、隐喻词汇化惯用语、弱语义词汇化惯用语、弱语法词汇化惯用语、完全词汇化惯用语。

Idioms in Mandarin Chinese constitute a special subset of lexicon, transiting from phrases to words and showing to the word in Mandarin Chinese, which shows a clear tendency of lex- icalization. They differ from each other in their lexicalization degrees. Viewing from their structures and semantics, this paper inspects the properties of solidification of the internal components, clutch of degree and the strength of semantic distortion values of three syllables idioms, and based on this, and the prototype theory, in accordance with the theory of the Grade in the Lexicalization of Packard, this paper classifies three syllables idioms into five categories, namely, conventional lexicalization idioms, metaphorical lexicalization idioms, semantic lexicalizafion idioms, grammatical lexicalization idioms and complete lexicalization idioms