苹果-苹果汁生产的负外部性

Negative Externalities in Production of Apple-Apple Juice

本文指出苹果-苹果汁生产的负外部性具有与其他生产负外部性相同的共性,也有其自有的特性;运用经济学方法分析了苹果-苹果汁生产的负外部性,得出了"生产环节越多,负外部性就越高"的结论;最后提出了政府管制和指导、通过税收或补贴改变农药和化肥的价格以及"先征后退"的税收等矫正苹果-苹果汁生产负外部性的措施,同时指出法律手段等方法不适合于解决苹果-苹果汁生产的负外部性。

The general characteristics of negative externalities of the production of apple-apple juice （NEPAJ） with the other industries and its own characteristics were introduced, in this paper. Then the NEPAJ was analyzed using economics methods and a conclusion was drawn that the more the production link, the higher the negative externalities. Last, some measures were put forward to remedy the NEPAJ such as government regulation and guidance, changing prices of pesticide and fertilizer by imposing taxes or giving subsidies, and implementing the tax policy of＂ Pay First, Refund Later.＂ It was also pointed out that legal means is unsuitable for remedying the NEPAL