冬季贴地层低温考察及逆温效应研究

Investigation of the Low Temperature near Ground and Temperature Inversion Effect in Winter

对坡顶、坡中、坡下3个位置离地1.5 m内不同高度的最低温度进行观测,研究冬季晴夜辐射降温中1.5 m贴地层内高度的温度变化规律。结果表明,坡顶、坡中、坡下贴地高度内各部位日最低温度(td)随离地高度(H)的变化为:在0.1 m处td都出现最低,而在1.1 m、1.5 m处td常出现最高。贴地层逆温效果明显,其逆温强度随着相对坡位(G)的增大而增大,最大逆温达到1.53℃。在冬季或早春果树嫁接中,种植者可采用高位嫁接技术避免或减轻低温对果树的冻害。

The temperature of different heights below 1.5 m away from the soil surface at top, middle, below slopes were observed to study the temperature change rule during radiation temperature drop at fine winter night. The results showed that the daily minimum temperature （td） varied with height and slope location. The lowest td appeared at 0.1 m at 3 different slope locations, and the highest often appeared at 1.l m or 1.5 m. The effect of temperature inversion was evident in air layer near ground. And the temperature inversion intensity increased with relative sloping location （G）, and the biggest temperature inversion reaches to 1.53℃. Thus the planters could adopt grafting techniques in high location, which can alleviate or avoid fruit from freezing injury arisen from the minimum temperature in winter and early spring following temperature inversion principle.