汉译日本教科书与中国近代新教育的建立(1890-1915)

Chinese Versions of Japanese Textbooks and China's New Modern Education

在清末民初中国近代新知识体系重建的过程中,汉译日本教科书担当了重要的角色,产生了特殊的影响。在汉译日本地理教科书的影响下,中国地理教科书开始摆脱传统舆地学,形成"旅行体"风格;历史教科书走出"朝代体",向"时代体"过渡;自然科学和其他科目大量使用汉译日本教科书;修身教育也融入了日本元素;女子教育领域整体知识体系的建立与汉译日本教科书也是分不开的,它促成了"家事"教育和师范教育的开始;新教育学建立过程中,对比王国维翻译的教育学著作和晚清教育学教科书使用状况,更可以看出近代中国对于教育学的选择和理解。总的来看,清末至民初的教科书是一个"汉译日书的时代",汉译日本教科书为中国人自编教科书带来启发,它的兴衰历程跨越了1912年这个政治坐标。

The Chinese versions of Japanese textbooks play a significant role in the restructuring of China's knowledge system during the era of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican period. Under their influence, Chinese geographical textbooks give up their focus on territory and take on 'traveling style'. In the same vein, history textbooks no longer present a dynastic history, but a chronological one. These kind of translated textbooks are also widely used in the courses like sciences. Such Japanese elements even permeate in the cultivation of mental character, women education, family upbringing, teacher training, etc. The translated textbooks serve as model for the Chinese to compile own textbooks.