语言强调功能系统:强化及凸显

Emphasis systems:intensification and salience

强调是语言的强势表达功能。强调具有"强化"和"凸显"两大基本语义取向。据此,强调功能作为一个系统可分为"强化"和"凸显"两个次系统。前者涉及对情感、判断、鉴赏、责任、意愿、倾向等态度的着重表达,后者涉及的则是对特定含义、要点、主题、中心思想等的凸显或着力表达。强调功能具有层次性和多样性,它可体现于语音、词汇、语法、语篇等语言层面,各个层面又有丰富的表达手段。本文对上述观点进行了系统的阐述,并构建了一个强调功能分析的基本框架。

Emphasis, the linguistic function of forceful expression, has two basic semantic orientations ： intensification and salience. Accordingly, emphasis, as a system of the emphatic function of language, includes two sub - systems ： intensification and salience The former is concerned with the forceful expression of attitudes, such as affect, judgment, appreciation, obligation, willingness, inclination, etc. ; the latter is concerned with the presentation of certain particular meaning, important points, topic, and central ideas, etc. by giving them prominence. Emphasis is featured by the variety of devices of its realization at almost all linguistic levels of phonology, lexis, syntax and text. With the exploration of the above - mentioned aspects, this paper has worked out a theoretical framework for the analysis of emphatic function.