威海市居民身心健康状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on physical and mental health status and affecting factors among residents of Weihai city

目的了解山东省威海市居民身体与心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取样本,利用自制调查问卷和世界健康调查(WHS)精选量表对其自评身心状况进行访谈式调查,用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果调查15岁及以上城乡居民11698人,70.2%的人自认为总体健康状况好或者很好,有36.6%的人身心状况不佳,其身心状况得分的总体分为(8.32±2.58)分;单因素和多因素分析结果显示,女性、丧偶、受教育程度低、2周内患病、半年内患慢性病、性格模糊、无知心朋友、生活单调、自感消极、生活工作压力大、过去1年有自杀念头、过去2年有重大挫折或不幸、失眠等是居民自评身心状况差的因素。结论居民的自评身心状况受一般因素(如性别、年龄等)、躯体的客观健康状况、心理相关因素、伤害相关因素及其他因素(如失眠)影响,超过1/3居民身心健康状况不佳。

Objective To know the physical and mental health status and its affecting factors among the residents of Weihai city. Methods The sample was randomly chosen by using cluster - based sampling method and the subjects interviewed with both selfmade questionnaire and the selected scale of world health survey （WHS）. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the field data. Results 11 698 individuals were interviewed. 70.2 % of the subjects had a good or excellent selfreported physical and mental health, and 36.6 % had no good self - reported health. The average total score of WHS was（8.32 ± 2.58）. The risk factors of the selected scale of WHS high scoring of the residents were female, bereft of one＇s spouse, low education level, being ill within 2 weeks, with chronic disease within 6 months, misty character, no bosom friend, feeling monotonaous, negative and pressure of life, thinking of suicide in the past 1 year, with big frustrate or misfortune in the past 2years and insomnia. Conclusion The affecting factors of the residents＇ selfreported physical and mental condition are general factors （such as gender, age）, actual physical condition, factors related to mentality and hurt, and sleeping condition. There is more than 1/3 of the residents without good physical and mental health.