新疆54家居室装修后不同季节的室内空气污染状况调查

Investigation on Indoor Air Pollution in 54 Decorated Houses in Different Seasons in Xinjiang

目的研究新疆居室装修后室内空气中甲醛、TVOC和氡浓度,以及不同季节甲醛和TVOC浓度的变化趋势。方法在乌鲁木齐市和哈密市随机选择了新装修的54户居民家庭,监测装修后居室空气中甲醛、TVOC和氡的浓度,在3个月和6个月后对第1次所监测的用户进行2次甲醛和TVOC的回访监测。结果监测居室刚装修完工时、3个月和6个月后的室内空气甲醛浓度总体均值分别为0.154mg/m3,0.064mg/m3和0.115mg/m3,超标率分别是70.4%,11.1%和59.3%(F=10.11,P<0.01);居室刚装修完工时,室内空气中TVOC浓度总体均值为881.6μg/m3,超标率66.7%,装修3个月和6个月之后,TVOC浓度总体均值在国家标准之下,无超标户;装修之后的氡均低于国家标准,无超标户。结论监测的新装修房屋的主要污染物为甲醛,室内的微小气候和通风状况对室内甲醛的浓度有明显影响,干燥炎热的季节和冬季取暖期是甲醛明显的释放期,甲醛超标比较严重。TVOC挥发速度快,初装修时超标严重,但一般经过2～3个月时间的释放,大都能远低于国家标准,TVOC的浓度随装修的时间而逐步下降,与季节和温度等因素关系不大。

Objective To study the air formaldehyde, TVOC and Rn density in room -repaired houses in Xinjiang, as well as formaldehyde and TVOC density change tendency in different seasons. Method We stochastically chose 54 households of new repaired houses in Urumqi and Hami City, and examined the air formaldehyde, TVOC and Rn density in the room after repair, and examined again after 3 months and 6 months later. Results The ensemble average of room air formaldehyde density was 0. 154 mg/m^3 , 0.064 rag/m^3 and 0. 115 mg/m^3 just finished repair, after 3 months and 6 months, respectively with the rate over standard of 70.4%, 11.1% and 59.3%, respectively （ F = 10. 11, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions The main pollutant in new repaired house in Xinjiang is formaldehyde. The room mieroelimate and well ventilated condition obviously influence room formaldehyde density. The dry and hot season and the heating period in winter are obvious release time of formaldehyde, so that formaldehyde over the standard is quite severe. The TVOC volatility speed is quick to surpass the standard severely when the room has been just repaired. But after 2 to 3 - month release, it mostly can far be lower than the national standard, and the density gradually drops along with the repaired time, and has nothing to do with seasons and temperature and so on.