太湖流域农田肥料投入与养分平衡状况分析

Analysis of fertilizer input and nutrient balance of farmland in Taihu watershed

通过对太湖流域9个县市的700多份实地作物施肥情况调查,并结合相关统计资料,综合分析了太湖流域目前农田肥料投入以及氮、磷养分的平衡(盈亏)状况,重点进行了大田作物和蔬菜等经济作物氮、磷肥料投入量、养分平衡状况以及有机肥和化肥投入比较。分析结果表明,蔬菜等经济作物的养分投入和盈余状况整体上均高于粮食、油料作物,而大宗粮食、油料作物的周年养分投入支出基本平衡。蔬菜播种面积尽管只占到所统计4类作物总播种面积的30%,但是其施磷量却达总施磷量的50%以上,而磷素是造成我国水体富营养化的关键因素之一,加之目前经济作物的种植面积日益扩大,对水环境的影响不容忽视。

The condition of feailizer input and nutrient balance of farmland, especially for the difference of vegetables and grains production, in Taihu watershed were analyzed through more than 700 questionnaire and statistical data. The result showed that the nutrient budget of vegetables were much higher than that of grain crops such as rice and wheat. Although vegetable crops＇ sown area was ouly 30% of the total sown area, its＇ application of phosphorous had accounted for more than 50%. Phosphorous was one of the key factors of eutrophication of lakes, and the sown areas of vegetables were increasing, so its affect for the water sur- roundings may not be ignored.