甘蓝型油菜温敏不育系417S选育与鉴定

Selection and identification of thermo-sensitive male sterile line 417S in Brassica napus L.

417S是利用生态型不育系533S为基因供体和优良自交系S803杂交选育而成的双低生态型雄性不育系。通过人工控温和异地种植等方法对其进行鉴定，结果表明：417S属温敏型雄性不育系，日自交结实率与开花前3—12d的日均温的平均值的相关系数达极显著水平（r=0．96），其育性敏感期为单花开花前3—12d；417S的临界温度为17．0—20．5℃，育性敏感期处于日均温〈17．O℃条件下表现完全雄性不育，处于日均温〉20．5℃表现雄性可育，处于17．0～20．5℃时，表现半不育。417S在陕西太白县表现近乎全不育，而在青海西宁变成完全可育，可以实现一系两用。遗传测试结果表明31个测验品种（系）中有25个能完全恢复417S育性，恢复源较为广泛，在生产上有较大的应用价值。

417S was an ecotypic male sterile line with double low productivity that developed from the progeny of an eeotypie male sterile line 533S crossed with an elite line S803 by successive selfing. The results of experiments under different temperature and multi - location showed that 417S was a thermo - sensitive male sterile line. The critical stage for fertility of 417S was 3 - 12 days prior to flower when the bud was about 2 -3 mm long because the daily seed - setting rate has highly positive correlation （ r = 0.906） with the average temperature per day during this period. The hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the eritical air temperature of 417S wasl7.0-20.5℃, namely, the 417S exhibits male sterility at average air temperature below 17.0℃ but beeame male fertile over 20.5℃. The results at different locations showed that 417S was nearly completely sterile in the whole flower period at Taibai county （N34°1′） , Shaanxi but fertile at Xining （N36°6′） , Qinghai. Therefore, it could be used to produce the hybrids. The results of tested cross showed that the sterility could be restored completely for 25 of the 31 varieties or breeding lines tested, whieh indicated that 417S had a broad - spectrum restoring. Thus, 4175 was a promising thermo - sensitive sterile line for rapeseed reproduction.