“世”与“山里”的对峙——论西行法师和歌的两大主题

Confrontation between "Earthliness" and "Reclusion"——On the Two Themes of Saigyou's Japanese Poetry

西行是日本中世著名的隐遁歌人。他在长达五十年的隐遁生活中创作了2000余首和歌。这些和歌或吟咏大自然的美丽,或描写隐遁生活的艰辛,或抒发对人生的感悟。他的和歌清新自然,一唱三叹,洋溢着"闲寂流"的美。在西行的和歌里,"世"与"山里"两词出现频率最高。"世"代表着体制内的俗世,"山里"代表着远离俗世的隐遁生活。在西行的内心世界里,这两者是对立的。这是研究西行必须探讨的问题。

Saigyou was a great Japanese reclusive poet in the Middle Ages. During his 50 years of reclusive life, he wrote as many as 2000 poems which either praised the beauty of nature, described the hardness of reclusive life, or expressed the feeling the life. His poems are fresh and natural with one song and three sighs and are full of carefree beauty. The two words ＂earthliness＂ and ＂reclusion＂ are most frequently used in Saigyou＇s poetry. ＂Earthliness＂ represents the world within the political system, while ＂reclusion＂ refers to the reclusive life far away from earthliness. ＂Earthliness＂ and ＂reclusion＂ confront each other in Saigyou＇ s inner world. This is the key issue in studying Saigyou.