我国死刑复核制度的历史与现实

History and Reality of Death Penalty Checking System

我国古代死刑复核制度,自汉至明清,经近两千年的发展最终成为承平时期较完备的死刑审判基本制度,具有审慎宽宥性、权限集中性、责任严肃性的特征。同时,有非承平时期的"就地正法"制度。在革命根据地不同阶段人民民主法制的建设中,继承古代基础并结合现实斗争的需要,死刑复核制度呈现新的意义,逐步走向成熟。新中国建国初,党和国家提出"不废除死刑,但坚持少杀、慎杀,防止错杀"的刑事政策。1954年《人民法院组织法》与人大常委会《关于死刑案件由最高人民法院判决或者核准的决议》均明确规定:死刑案件由最高人民法院判决或者核准。其后在不同时期,死刑复核权限曾有不同规定,将部分复核权下放至高级人民法院与解放军军事法院行使。2006年全国人大常委会修改《人民法院组织法》规定:死刑除依法由最高人民法院批准外,应当报请最高人民法院核准。

The death penalty checking system has evolved to the death penalty trial system for two thousand year＇s development from Han to Qing Dynasties. The system is characterized by caution, power concentrated and solemnity. Meanwhile,it has the character of ＂instant performance＂ in special times. In the construction of people＇s democratic legal system in the revolutionary base area at various stages, having inherited the ancient foundation and combined the reality, the system developed gradually and took on the realistic value as well as the new historic significance. Just when new China founded,our party and government put forward the criminal policy,namely,＂no abolishment,cautious and no wrong use of it＂. And later, some principles could be found in some relevant laws death penalty is checked by the supreme court. And in the following different periods, part of the checking power has been transferred to lower levels,as the high court or ther court martial. In 2006,People Congress modified Oranization Law of People＇s Court and holds that death penalty has to be agreed by the High Court and checked by the Supreme Court.