参军戏与胡乐考

A research on Can-Jun-Drama with music and dance of the Hu people

古代戏剧史上著名的参军戏在其流行和演出的过程中存在以下几个特点:其一,《乐书》记载唐《胡部乐》中有参军戏,因此这一戏剧应属于胡部;其二,严格意义上的参军戏最早出于石赵,流行于后齐,都是深染胡俗、信奉祆教的国家;其三,参军戏的演员多为胡人乐官或胡人乐官的后裔;其四,参军戏表演中的歌曲、舞蹈多为胡人乐舞。在以上观照的基础上,可以得出参军戏原出胡乐的新观点。

Four features are worth noticing in the process during which Can-jun-drama grew popular and were performed in ancient China. First, such drama should belong to the type of the Hu people since this originality is clearly indicated in literature; Second, Can-jun-drama in its strict sense originated first in Shizhao and grew popular in late Qi. These were states that had been deeply influenced by the Hu culture and Xian Religion; Third, the per- formers were mostly descendants of musicians of the Hu people ; Four, the songs and dances in Can-jun-drama were usually those of the Hu people. These features can prove that Can-jun-drama had originated from the Hu music.