数值仿真技术在在建高层建筑物火灾中的应用

Application of Numerical Simulation Technology in the Analysis of Constructing High-rise Fires

在建高楼火灾灭火困难。在建高楼灭火以及人员疏散的关键在于对灾变条件下在建高楼火灾参数变化的正确预测,特别是火焰、烟气蔓延范围、烟气浓度变化以及有毒气体的扩散范围等参数的预测。为了获得在建高层建筑物的火灾参数,论文利用美国国家标准和技术研究院(NIST)开发FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)软件,建立在建高楼模型,对高楼火灾进行全尺寸模拟,通过对模拟实验数据处理和分析,给出了在建高楼发生火灾时烟气浓度和氧气浓度纵向温度的变化规律以及不同方向风速对火灾的影响,提出一种阻火方案,并验证了它的阻火效果,为防灾减灾和消防决策提供有力的依据。

It is hard to extinguish the fire in the constructing high-rise buildings and the key to evacuation of constructing high-rise fire is to correctly predict the changes of parameters under catastrophic conditions, in particular, the forecast of scope of the spread of smoke, gas concentration and flame, as well as the proliferation of toxic gases. In order to obtain the fire parameters of the constructing high-rise, the paper uses the FDS （Fire Dynamics Simulator） software developed by United States Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST）, builds the model of constructing high-rise buildings, and carries out a full-size constructing high-rise fire simulation, the rule of vertical variation of fire smoke concentration and oxygen concentration temperature. According to the influence of wind speed on fires, a method of preventing the spread of flame is suggested, and the FDS effect is tested, giving a powerful basis for preventing or mitigating fire disasters and decision-making of fire protection.