大兴安岭北部寒温带地区土壤动物群落特征

Characteristics of Soil Fauna in Cold Temperate Region in Northern Daxing'an Mountains

对大兴安岭北部4个具有代表性森林群落土壤动物进行调查,共捕获大型土壤动物52类,3965只;中小型土壤动物50类,6297只,隶属于4门7纲23目54科。大型土壤动物优势类群2类:线蚓科和蚁科,常见类群9类。中小型土壤动物优势类群3类:中气门亚目、甲螨亚目、前气门亚目,常见类群5类。大、中小型土壤动物的种类及数量分布均是次生林>蒙古栎>樟子松>柳草。大型土壤动物个体数量的垂直分布是D1(0～5cm)层>凋落物层>D2(5～10cm)层,种类分布是凋落物层和D1层种类较多,D2层相对较少。中小型土壤动物种类和数量的垂直分布均是凋落物层>D1(0～5cm)层>D2(5～10cm)层>D3(10～15cm)层,具有明显表聚性。大型土壤动物多样性指数(H′)大小为柳草>蒙古栎>次生林>樟子松,中小型土壤动物为柳草>次生林>樟子松>蒙古栎。均匀性指数、丰富度指数与多样性指数呈正相关,它们与优势度指数呈负相关。各群落土壤动物个体数量的时间动态变化都是10月>8月>6月,种类变化不如数量明显。

A survey was conducted to study the characteristics of soil fauna in four representative forest communities in the northern Daxing＇an Mountains. A total of 3965 soil macro-animals of 52 groups and 6297 soil mid-micro animals of 50 groups were collected which belonged to 4 phylums, 7 classes, 23 orders, and 54 families. Enchytraeidae and Formicidae were the dominant groups among the soil macro-animals, and the total numbers of common groups were 9 categories. Mesostigmata, Oribatida and Prostigmata were the dominant groups of the soil mid-micro animals, and the total numbers of common groups were 5 categories. Distribution of species and numbers of soil macro and mid-micro animals showed secondary forest 〉 Quercus mongolica secondary forest 〉 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica platation 〉 willow and herb. The vertical distribution of individual numbers of soil macro animals exhibited 0-5cm soil layer 〉 litter layer 〉 5 - 10 cm soil layer, and animal species were more in litter layer and 0-5cm soil layer than those in 5-10 cm soil layer. The vertical distribution of mid- micro animal species and numbers exhibited litter layer 〉 0 - 5 cm soil layer 〉 5-10 cm soil layer 〉 10 - 15 cm soil layer, showing obvious surface collection. The diversity index of soil macro animals displayed willow and herb 〉 Quercus mongolica secondary forest 〉 secondary forest 〉 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica platation, and that of soil mid-micro animals was willow and herb 〉 secondary forest 〉 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation 〉 Quercus mongolica secondary forest. Evenness index and richness index were positively correlated with diversity index, and negatively correlated with dominance index. The temporal dynamic variation of individual number of soil animals in each community showed October 〉 August 〉 June. while that of the saecies number was less obvious.