制约我国城市土地集约利用的原因及其对策

Reasons and Countermeasures for Intensive Use Restriction of Urban Land

通过分析当前制约城市土地集约利用的原因,以期为未来改革方向提供参考。借助经济学理论,利用经济学中基本的供求分析方法分析中国的土地市场供给状况和城市土地集约利用的关系。研究认为:土地市场不健全,特别是土地征用市场和土地出让市场不健全造成了城市土地低密度外延扩张和城市存量土地集约利用程度低。土地供给机制不合理、土地价格在很大程度上偏离土地价值,引致目前的经济发展模式仍是土地替代型而不是资本、技术密集型利用方式。因此,需要通过建立一个供给控制下的需求驱动市场、通过地租地价的变动规律,以及加快地方政府绩效评估制度和激励与约束机制改革,来引导和提高城市土地集约利用度。

By applying theory of economics, this paper analyzes the relation between the current Chinese land market and the intensive use of urban land with the basic supply-and-demand analytical method in economics. The research concludes that the unsound operation of land market, the land acquisition market and market of the transfer of land use right lead to the low-density extension of urban land and the inefficient utilization of urban land. Land supply and demand mechanism is impropriate. Land price deviates greatly from its value which contributes to the present economic development model-replacement of land, rather than the intensive utilization of capital and technology. The paper proposes building a market guided by demand under the control of demand and supply, by the laws of land tax and land price, accelerating the reform in the performance evaluation institution and the development of inspiration and constraint mechanism among local government officials with the purpose to guide and improve the intensive use of urban land.