颈部臂丛入路的断层解剖研究

A study of sectional anatomy with respect to the exposition of brachial plexus in neck area

[目的]揭示颈部臂丛入路的解剖特点,使臂丛的显露更加简捷和充分。[方法]选取经福尔马林固定成人尸体标本6具,从眶耳线到胸骨角平面横断,制成片间距5mm,片厚4mm,锯耗1mm的头颈部连续横断层标本。在肉眼、放大镜下逐层观察不同横断层面颈后三角的构成,包括颈筋膜浅深层之间的脂肪层的边界、内容、与臂丛神经的解剖关系。[结果]在颈中部及其以下,颈后三角的颈筋膜浅、深两层的脂肪层界限清晰完整,其中无重要结构,与臂丛分界清楚。[结论]利用颈筋膜与臂丛解剖关系,可使颈部臂丛的显露更简捷、安全。

[Objective]To investagate the anatomic features in the approach to the brachial plexus in neck in order to make the exposure of brachial plexus more convenience and safer.[Method]Neck of six embalmed adult cadavers were made serial sectional specimens,which was observed to identify the border,composition and anatomic relation of fat layer between the superficial and deep layer of cervical fascia in the posterior triangle of neck with the brachial plexus.[Result]There was no branches of superficial cervical plexus in the fat layer between the superficial layer and deep layer of cervical fascia below the middle neck,in which there was no important structures except omohyoid muscle and transverse cervical artery.The deep layer of cervical fascia was dense and was directly superficial to the brachial plexus.[Conclusion]Exposure of brachial plexus in the neck would be more safe and convenience upon the understanding of anatomic relatiowship between cervical fascia and brachial plexus.