小学儿童生活事件类型与应对方式特点

Research of primary school children's living event and coping styles traits

目的:探讨小学儿童生活事件类型、应对方式特点及其性别和年级差异。方法:采用自编小学儿童生活事件问卷、应对方式量表对四川省乐山市2所小学815名小学生进行问卷调查。结果:小学儿童常遇到的和影响最严重的生活事件是考试失败,小学儿童总体上趋向于选择"解决问题"、"求助"等积极的应对方式而不是"自责"、"退避"等消极的应对方式,不同年级的小学儿童在应对方式上存在差异,3、4年级与6年级之间差异显著;男生和女生应对方式的选择大体相同。结论:小学儿童常要面对很多生活事件,对他们的身心健康成长影响很大,尤其是学习方面的影响,需要全社会加以关注,引导他们采取积极的应对方式。

Objective： To investigate the primary school children＇s crisis events and the relationship between coping styles and personality traits and the differences by gender and grade. Methods： 815 children from the third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades in primary school of Leshan city, were administered by a self- developed primary school children＇s living event questionnaire, a self- developed coping styles scale. Results： When children faced with living events, coping styles adopted frequently by them were problem solving, illusion, and rationalization. Coping strategies had grades difference, especially between the third, fourth and sixth grades; and boys and girls chose the same coping styles. Conclusion： Primary elementary school children often have to face a lot of life events which affect largely their physical and mental growth, particularly in the field of learning. It needs all the power of education to be of concern, guide them to form a positive way of responding.