地膜覆盖对春玉米产量、品质的影响机理研究

The Mechanism Study of the Influences of Plastics Film Mulch on Grain Yield and Seed Quality of Spring Maize

研究了地膜覆盖对春玉米产量品质的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖能改善玉米生长的微生态环境,提高玉米的产量和水分利用效率,增加子粒的粗淀粉含量和子粒容重。地膜覆盖具有显著的增温保墒作用,促使土壤微生物的活动增强,增加土壤可给态养分,促进玉米根系对土壤水分、养分的吸收,提高玉米的根系及生物量的数量,增加植株茎秆、叶片中营养物质的贮存,提高子粒的灌浆强度,延长子粒的灌浆时间,灌浆期向子粒中输送更多的营养物质,增大粒重,影响子粒品质。

The influences of plastic film mulch on grain yield and seed quality of spring maize were studied underfield experiment. The results showed that the micro-environment of maize was improved, water use efficiency（WUE） and grain yield were increased, and coarse starch content and seed bulk density were increased under the condition of plastic film mulch. The study also showed that the above results were due to water keeping and soil temperature in- creasing capability of plastic film which led to the improvement of soil microbe movement, the increase of soil available nutrient and the enhancement of root assimilating water and nutrient. Further, the root quantity and soil microbial biomass were increased, the stored nutrient of plant stem and leaves were also improved, the grouting intensity was enhanced and the period of that was also prolonged which lad to the more nutrients that were transformed during this period. All the factors finally led to the high grain yield and seed quality.