社保制度的建设:多元利益的博弈——从农民和农民工的参保行为反思社保制度的建设

The Construction of the Social Security System: a Game of Multiple Interests

社保制度的建设过程是对各方利益进行权衡和博弈的过程,国家、地方、企业和个人构成社保制度建设的多方主体。在资本跨国流动、国际劳动力市场不平衡的背景下,单纯依靠国家(决策部门)或专家学者来制定一个有效的社会保障制度是不现实的。当前社会保障制度的推行中,农民热情不高、农民工退保等现象反映出当前社保制度设计过程中相关直接利益者的缺位。在社会保障制度的建立和完善过程中,应将地方、参保企业、参保个人纳入制度建设的主体,让他们的利益诉求充分表达出来,并就各方利益冲突进行协商、妥协。国家在掌握足够真实信息的基础上才能把握社会保障制度建设和完善的方向。

The process of establishing the social security system is a game process of interests of the related parties. Central government, local governments, enterprises and individuals participate in establishing the social security system. Against the background of globalization, the transnational capital flow and the national labor market are imbalanced. Therefore, it is unrealistic to design an effective social security system only depending on government and scholars. In the process of implementing the social security system, the phenomenon of cancellation of insurance of peasant workers reflects the problem that the interests of the related parties can＇t be protected well. To improve the social security system, it is necessary that local governments, enterprises and individuals should play a leading role, that the interests demand of the related parties should be expressed fully and that the interests conflict should be dealt with by the way of negotiation. Only based on enough true information can central govemment hold the correct direction of establishing and improving the social security system.