岳阳张谷英村落体系空间结构变迁过程与机理探析

The Zhangguying Village System in Yueyang:Structural Variation and Mechanism

根据实地调研与张氏族谱资料,发现张谷英村落体系空间结构变迁过程具有明显的阶段变迁特点,可分为村落肇始、龙形村落、双核心村落体系等3个阶段;进一步分析发现,人口迁移、地缘、血缘与风水等是张谷英村落体系空间结构变迁的最主要影响因素,其影响的着力点在于张谷英村落的人地关系,土地的占有与利用是人地关系矛盾的焦点,传统农耕时期的村落活动半径决定张谷英村落必然由集中走向分散,最终形成双核心村落体系.

According to on the-spot investigation and local Zhang clan data, it was found that the development of Zhangguying village system could be divided into the beginning stage, the dragon-shape stage and the double-core system stage. Further analysis indicated that historical population migration in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the change of surrounding environments in historical periods, intrinsic ancestor thoughts and Fengshui conception were key factors that had influenced the change of Zhangguying village system. All these factors would be embodied and meantime reflected in the man-land relationship in the village, the core issue of which was the situation of land occupation and utilization. In traditional society when agriculture dominated, the scale of a single village was usually controlled by agricultural activity radius. However, with the change of social structure over the time, this centralization pattern was finally replaced by decentralization, which gives an explanation to the formation of present double-core shape of the Zhangguying village system.