卡特兰开花特性鉴定与花期调控栽培技术

Blooming Traits,Cultivation and Flower Forcing in Cattleya orchids

卡特兰是一种适应性强、花形硕大、花色鲜艳的兰科花卉，有许多适合在冬春季开花的优良品种。冬季及早春花品种主要有‘惠雅’、‘汤尼’、‘圣火’、‘山姆大叔’、‘绝世佳人’、‘永康2号’、‘将军’、‘雪玉’、‘金华山’等，花期多在1月至3月间，可作年宵花促成栽培。对卡特兰的品种开花特性、温室栽培管理和花期调控栽培的技术要点作了概述。采用树皮1～1．5份、兰花石1～1．5份和椰糠1份（体积比）的混合基质栽培，既有良好的爽水透气性，又具一定的保水性。施肥管理：每浇1次水就带肥浇水1次的方法，肥料采用带微量元素的全成分水溶肥，浓度为1000mg／L，待基质干燥后浇施，并要浇透，使兰根充分吸收。花期调控栽培采用光照调节、营养调节、湿度调节等措施，综合调控。从10月到3月接受全光照，4月遮光30％，5—9月遮光50％～60％。假鳞茎成熟后进入花芽分化期，施用m（N）：m（P）：m（K）=10：30：20的高P肥促花。同时常在地面喷水，保持地面潮湿，空气RH50％以上，创造适宜的小气候环境。

Cattleya orchids are among the most beautiful orchid species to grow and care for easily, this article gives a review in cultivar blooming traits, greenhouse growing and flower forcing. Winter and early spring flowering cultivars include ＇Huiya＇ , ＇Tony＇, ＇Holy Flame＇, ＇Uncle Sam＇, ＇Beauty＇ , ＇Haw Yuan Gold＇ , ＇Lc Tainan city＇, ＇Xueyu＇ , ＇Jinhuashan＇ which blooms from January to March and is suitable for flower forcing cultivation. A mixture of bark 1-1.5 ： orchid stone 1-1.5： coconut fiber 1 （v：v：v） maintains a good water and air ratio for Cattleya substrate. We fertilize the plants by one time watering another time fertilizer watering, choose full elements water soluble fertilizer and dilute at 1000 mg/L in use. After the substrate became dry for a while, fertilize it thoroughly. Flower forcing cultivation integrates light regulation, element regulation and humidity regulation. Cattleya can receive full sun from October to March, shade 30% sunlight in April, shade 50-60% sunlight from May to Septerber. Once the stem is ripe, change the fertilizer type to N ： P ： K = 10 ： 30 ： 20. Water the ground regularly to rise the moisture and keep RH above 50 %, therefore create a optimal microclimate.