密立根油滴实验中平衡电压和下落时间关系的研究

Study of Relationship between Equilibrium Voltage and Fall Time in Millikan Oil Drops

通过分析平衡电压和下落时间的隐函数关系表达式,推导出了两者之间的直接函数表达式和变化关系。同时用数值模拟和实验验证的方法,得到这样的结论:随着下落时间的逐渐增长,平衡电压是逐渐变小的,而且变化率是越来越小。实验过程中油滴质量的减小很好地解释了两者之间的变化关系。剔除掉由于电量减小造成的不合理数据可以提高实验的准确度。

After analyzing implicit function relation expression of equilibrium voltage and fall time, direct function expression and change relation between them are deduced. Meanwhile, it is concluded that equilibrium voltage is gradually smaller with fall time longer and its change rate is smaller and smaller. The relationship of both is attributed to the decrease of oil drop mass. Rejecting the unreasonable data can enhance accuracy of the experiment due to the decrease of the charge.