三门峡市冰雹出现规律与防雹工作探讨

Distribution of Hail and Discussion of Hail Suppression in Sanmenxia

利用1971-2005年三门峡市冰雹天气过程资料。分析了冰雹时空分布特征、主要影响系统、本站要素指标及雷达回波特征等，结果表明：渑池县降雹次数最多，灵宝次之，卢氏最少；降雹集中在4—8月，13-19时降雹几率最高。三门峡降雹的天气形势主要有蒙古一华北冷槽、冷涡型和西北气流型。受上述天气系统影响时，500hPa有冷平流，若地面连续2—3天增温增湿，有可能出现冰雹天气。此外，雹云雷达回波强度〉50dBz，云顶高度〉10km，云顶温度〈-40℃，垂直积分液态含水量有明显的跃升，是降雹的前兆。

Based on the material of hail weather of Sanmenxia from 1971 to 2005, we analyze the spatial and temporal distribution character of the hail, the main impact of the weather system, the index of the station essential and the character of the radar echo etc. The result shows that hailing times of Mianchi county is the most, Lingbao county is relatively small and Lushi county is the least; the hailing process always occurs between in April and August, in all probability, it will occur between 13 o＇lock to 19 o＇lock. The main weather situation of the hail weather in Sanmenxia is Mongolia - North China cold trough, cold vortex type and northwest air current type. Affected by above mentioned cause, there will be wo cold advection in 500 hPa, there will be hail weather if the ground temperature and humidity continue to increase for 2 to 3 days. Furthermore, if the intensity of the radar echo is greater than 50 dBz, the cloud top height is greater than 10 km, the cloud top temperature is under -40 ℃ , the vertical liquid water content has a visible increase, they all mean that the hail will occur soon.