北京市昌平区饮水型氟中毒病区防治现状调查

The investigation of prevalence of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis in Changping District of Beijing

目的了解昌平区地方性氟中毒流行现状,为今后防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学调查方法,对昌平区31个高氟村地方性氟中毒有关指标进行调查,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙采用Deans法分度诊断;饮水氟测定采用离子选择电极法。结果31个高氟村改水率为100%,改水后96.77%的村水氟含量符合国家饮用水标准(≤1.0mg/l);8～12岁儿童尿氟均值为0.98mg/L,儿童尿氟与水氟之间存在正相关性(r=0.935,P<0.05);8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率平均为19.40%,斑釉指数为0.38,病情最重的村氟斑牙检出率为70.00%,斑釉指数为1.55。结论昌平区以改水为主的综合性防治措施取得了良好的防治成效,改换水源是预防饮水型地氟病病区最有效的方法。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Changping District, and to provide scientific＇ hasis for the prevention and eure of endemic fluorosis in future. Methods The related of endemic fluorosis was investigated in Changping District 31 high fluoride village by using epidemiological investigation. Dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to12 years old was examined with Deans index. The fluoride content in drinking water was detected with F - ion selective electrode. Results The rate of water defluoridation tor the 31 high fluoride villages were 100%. 96.77% of drinking water met the national standard （ ≤〈1.0mg/l）. The mean of urine fluoride was 0.98mg/L, in children aged form 8 to 12 years old. It had positive correlation between children urine fluoride and water fluorine （ r = 0. 935, P 〈 0.05）. The rate of dental fluorosis and dental fluorosis index were 19.40% and 0.38, respectively among the children aged form 8 to 12 years oht in the five villages above, the most serious with a deutal fluorosis rate 70.00%, and a dental fluorosis index 1.55. Conclusions Prophylactic measures, sueh as improving water quality, have achieved great results in Changping District. The most efficient method for preventing drinking water fluorosis was altering water source.