扬子鳄体温与环境温度关系的初步分析

Preliminary Analyses on Relationship between Body Temperature of Chinese Alligator and Its Environmental Temperature

在人工饲养下,对非繁殖的扬子鳄（Alligator sinensis）体温及其所处的环境温度进行了测定,并对其体温与环境温度的关系进行了分析。经过一年的测量,得出体长为（116.83±32.26）cm（n=183）的扬子鳄年均体温为（18.81±8.08）℃（n=183）,雄性体温为（20.81±9.69）℃（n=42）,雌性体温为（17.81±8.56）℃（n=69）;在活动期（4～11月）,扬子鳄的体温为（25.54±5.24）℃（n=89）,水温为（25.42±5.20）（n=89）,两者间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;在冬眠期（12月至翌年3月）,扬子鳄的体温为（10.78±1.90）℃（n=94）,冬眠期的地表温为（10.64±1.74）℃（n=94）,两者间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结果表明,扬子鳄的体温受其周围环境温度的显著影响,而不受其体长及性别的影响。即扬子鳄的体温由其长期接触的环境介质的温度决定,其中水环境是控制活动期鳄体温波动的最重要介质。初步推测扬子鳄的偏爱体温范围是28～33℃。

Body temperature of non-breeding Chinese Alligators （Alligator sinensis ） in captivity and the environmental temperature （water temperature and atmosphere） were measured for a whole year. The yearly body temperature of alligators with body length 116.83 ± 32.26 cm （ n = 183）was 18.81 ± 8.08℃, male was 20.81 ± 9.690C （ n = 42） and female was 17.81 ± 8.56 ℃ （ n = 69）, respectiveley. The body temperature of alligator in the active period from April to November was 25.54 ± 5.24℃ （ n = 89）, while the water temperature was 25.42 ± 5.20℃ （ n = 89）. No significant difference was found between body temperature and water temperature （ P 〉 0.05 ）. In hibernating period （December to March of next year）, the body temperature of Alligators was 10.78 ± 1.90℃ （ n = 94）and the ground surface temperature at the hibernation point was 10.64 ± 1.74℃ （ n = 94）. No significant difference was recorded between their body temperature and ground surface temperature （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The results indicated that the body temperature of Chinese Alligators was significantly influenced by the environmental temperature, but not by its body length and gender; water environment was the most important control factor for the fluctuation of the body temperature. The prime body temperature ranged of Chinese alligators was 28 - 33 ℃ .