不同生育期追施钾肥对高淀粉马铃薯增产提质的效果

Effect of yield increasing and quality promoting of high starch potato by increasing of potassium fertilizer applying in different growth stages

以高淀粉马铃薯品种克新12号脱毒薯为材料,通过2 a试验研究不同生育期追施钾肥对高淀粉马铃薯产量及相关性状的影响.结果表明,追施钾肥的时期对马铃薯的增产提质的效果有显著影响.以"苗期+块茎形成期"分次追施钾肥的效果最佳,其次是块茎形成期一次追施钾肥,产量分别较对照提高32.1%、27.1%,大中薯率分别较对照提高21.1%、18.8%,淀粉含量分别较对照提高7.89%、7.50%,净同化率分别较对照提高34.7%、25.3%,叶绿素含量分别较对照提高13.7%、12.4%,根系活力分别较对照提高13.8%、13.0%.对产量和品质指标、生理指标进行相关分析表明,产量与大中薯率、净同化率相关极显著,说明产量主要受大中薯率、净同化率的影响,追施钾肥是通过提高净同化率、大中薯率实现产量提高的.

The research, which was on the yield of high starch potato and its related physiological traits by increasing of potassium fertilizer applying in different growth stages, was carried out on high starch potato ＂Kexin No. 12＂ for two years. It indicates that it has a very marked effect on yield increasing and quality promoting of potato by increasing of potassium fertilizer applying, h also shows that different stages of increasing of potassium fertilizer have different effects. It is the best to fertilize in seedling stage and tuber growing time respectively. The second best period should be the tuber growing time by fertilizing once. According to the comparison, the yield increased 32.1% and 27.1% , the proportion of big and medium potatoes increased 21.1% and 18.8%, the starch content increased 7.89% and 7.50% , the net assimilation rate increased 34.7% and 25.3% , the chlorophyll content increased 13.7% and 12.4%, the root activity increased 13.8% and 13.0%. Related analysis of yield, quality and physiological traits indicated that the yield has a notable correlation with the proportion of big and medium potatoes and net assimilation rate. This shows the yield is mainly influenced by the yield of big and medium potatoes. Increasing net assimilation rate is the way to increase the yield of potato and the proportion of big and medium potatoes by increasing of potassium fertilizer.